调试
最终更新: 2024/03/21
Kotlin/Native 编译器目前输出的调试信息兼容于 DWARF 2 规范, 因此现代的调试工具可以执行以下操作:
- 设置断点
- 单步执行
- 查看类型信息
- 查看变量
支持 DWARF 2 规范就意味着调试器会把 Kotlin 程序识别为 C89, 因为在 DWARF 5 规范之前, 还没有标识符可以标识语言类型是 Kotlin.
使用 Kotlin/Native 编译器输出带调试信息的二进制文件
要让 Kotlin/Native 编译器输出带调试信息的二进制文件, 请在命令行添加 -g 选项.
0:b-debugger-fixes:minamoto@unit-703(0)# cat - > hello.kt
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
println("Hello world")
println("I need your clothes, your boots and your motocycle")
}
0:b-debugger-fixes:minamoto@unit-703(0)# dist/bin/konanc -g hello.kt -o terminator
KtFile: hello.kt
0:b-debugger-fixes:minamoto@unit-703(0)# lldb terminator.kexe
(lldb) target create "terminator.kexe"
Current executable set to 'terminator.kexe' (x86_64).
(lldb) b kfun:main(kotlin.Array<kotlin.String>)
Breakpoint 1: where = terminator.kexe`kfun:main(kotlin.Array<kotlin.String>) + 4 at hello.kt:2, address = 0x00000001000012e4
(lldb) r
Process 28473 launched: '/Users/minamoto/ws/.git-trees/debugger-fixes/terminator.kexe' (x86_64)
Process 28473 stopped
* thread #1, queue = 'com.apple.main-thread', stop reason = breakpoint 1.1
frame #0: 0x00000001000012e4 terminator.kexe`kfun:main(kotlin.Array<kotlin.String>) at hello.kt:2
1 fun main(args: Array<String>) {
-> 2 println("Hello world")
3 println("I need your clothes, your boots and your motocycle")
4 }
(lldb) n
Hello world
Process 28473 stopped
* thread #1, queue = 'com.apple.main-thread', stop reason = step over
frame #0: 0x00000001000012f0 terminator.kexe`kfun:main(kotlin.Array<kotlin.String>) at hello.kt:3
1 fun main(args: Array<String>) {
2 println("Hello world")
-> 3 println("I need your clothes, your boots and your motocycle")
4 }
(lldb)
断点
现代调试器提供了多种方法可以设置断点, 各种调试工具的具体方法请看下文:
lldb
-
通过名称设置断点
(lldb) b -n kfun:main(kotlin.Array<kotlin.String>) Breakpoint 4: where = terminator.kexe`kfun:main(kotlin.Array<kotlin.String>) + 4 at hello.kt:2, address = 0x00000001000012e4
-n 参数是可选的, 这个参数默认会启用
-
通过位置 (文件名, 行号) 设置断点
(lldb) b -f hello.kt -l 1 Breakpoint 1: where = terminator.kexe`kfun:main(kotlin.Array<kotlin.String>) + 4 at hello.kt:2, address = 0x00000001000012e4 -
通过地址设置断点
(lldb) b -a 0x00000001000012e4 Breakpoint 2: address = 0x00000001000012e4 -
通过正规表达式设置断点, 调试编译器生成的代码时, 你可能会发现这个功能很有用, 比如 Lambda 表达式, 等等. (因为它的名称中使用了
#符号).3: regex = 'main\(', locations = 1 3.1: where = terminator.kexe`kfun:main(kotlin.Array<kotlin.String>) + 4 at hello.kt:2, address = terminator.kexe[0x00000001000012e4], unresolved, hit count = 0
gdb
-
通过正规表达式设置断点
(gdb) rbreak main( Breakpoint 1 at 0x1000109b4 struct ktype:kotlin.Unit &kfun:main(kotlin.Array<kotlin.String>); -
不能 通过名称设置断点, 因为名称中的
:字符, 会被看作是通过位置设置断点目录命令的一个分隔符(gdb) b kfun:main(kotlin.Array<kotlin.String>) No source file named kfun. Make breakpoint pending on future shared library load? (y or [n]) y Breakpoint 1 (kfun:main(kotlin.Array<kotlin.String>)) pending -
通过位置设置断点
(gdb) b hello.kt:1 Breakpoint 2 at 0x100001704: file /Users/minamoto/ws/.git-trees/hello.kt, line 1. -
通过地址设置断点
(gdb) b *0x100001704 Note: breakpoint 2 also set at pc 0x100001704. Breakpoint 3 at 0x100001704: file /Users/minamoto/ws/.git-trees/hello.kt, line 2.
单步调试
单步调试功能的使用方法与大多数 C/C++ 程序一样.
查看变量
对于 var 变量的查看功能, 对于基本类型是直接可用的.
对于非基本类型, 可以使用 konan_lldb.py 中针对 lldb 的自定义格式化工具:
λ cat main.kt | nl
1 fun main(args: Array<String>) {
2 var x = 1
3 var y = 2
4 var p = Point(x, y)
5 println("p = $p")
6 }
7 data class Point(val x: Int, val y: Int)
λ lldb ./program.kexe -o 'b main.kt:5' -o
(lldb) target create "./program.kexe"
Current executable set to './program.kexe' (x86_64).
(lldb) b main.kt:5
Breakpoint 1: where = program.kexe`kfun:main(kotlin.Array<kotlin.String>) + 289 at main.kt:5, address = 0x000000000040af11
(lldb) r
Process 4985 stopped
* thread #1, name = 'program.kexe', stop reason = breakpoint 1.1
frame #0: program.kexe`kfun:main(kotlin.Array<kotlin.String>) at main.kt:5
2 var x = 1
3 var y = 2
4 var p = Point(x, y)
-> 5 println("p = $p")
6 }
7
8 data class Point(val x: Int, val y: Int)
Process 4985 launched: './program.kexe' (x86_64)
(lldb) fr var
(int) x = 1
(int) y = 2
(ObjHeader *) p = 0x00000000007643d8
(lldb) command script import dist/tools/konan_lldb.py
(lldb) fr var
(int) x = 1
(int) y = 2
(ObjHeader *) p = [x: ..., y: ...]
(lldb) p p
(ObjHeader *) $2 = [x: ..., y: ...]
(lldb) script lldb.frame.FindVariable("p").GetChildMemberWithName("x").Dereference().GetValue()
'1'
(lldb)
把对象变量转换为易于阅读的字符串表达形式, 也可以使用内建的运行期函数 Konan_DebugPrint 来实现
(这个方法也适用于 gdb, 使用 command 语法中的一个模块):
0:b-debugger-fixes:minamoto@unit-703(0)# cat ../debugger-plugin/1.kt | nl -p
1 fun foo(a:String, b:Int) = a + b
2 fun one() = 1
3 fun main(arg:Array<String>) {
4 var a_variable = foo("(a_variable) one is ", 1)
5 var b_variable = foo("(b_variable) two is ", 2)
6 var c_variable = foo("(c_variable) two is ", 3)
7 var d_variable = foo("(d_variable) two is ", 4)
8 println(a_variable)
9 println(b_variable)
10 println(c_variable)
11 println(d_variable)
12 }
0:b-debugger-fixes:minamoto@unit-703(0)# lldb ./program.kexe -o 'b -f 1.kt -l 9' -o r
(lldb) target create "./program.kexe"
Current executable set to './program.kexe' (x86_64).
(lldb) b -f 1.kt -l 9
Breakpoint 1: where = program.kexe`kfun:main(kotlin.Array<kotlin.String>) + 463 at 1.kt:9, address = 0x0000000100000dbf
(lldb) r
(a_variable) one is 1
Process 80496 stopped
* thread #1, queue = 'com.apple.main-thread', stop reason = breakpoint 1.1
frame #0: 0x0000000100000dbf program.kexe`kfun:main(kotlin.Array<kotlin.String>) at 1.kt:9
6 var c_variable = foo("(c_variable) two is ", 3)
7 var d_variable = foo("(d_variable) two is ", 4)
8 println(a_variable)
-> 9 println(b_variable)
10 println(c_variable)
11 println(d_variable)
12 }
Process 80496 launched: './program.kexe' (x86_64)
(lldb) expression -- (int32_t)Konan_DebugPrint(a_variable)
(a_variable) one is 1(int32_t) $0 = 0
(lldb)
已知的问题
- Python 绑定的性能问题.